澳洲胡桃

山龍眼科

學名:Macadamia ternifolia F.Muell.

英名:Macadamia Nut、Hawaii Nut、Queensland Nut、Smooth-shelled Macadamia

別名:澳洲核桃,澳洲堅果,昆士蘭山龍眼,夏威夷火山豆,夏威夷豆

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特色簡介 Feature Description

原產於澳洲,樹高可達4層樓。輪生的長橢圓形葉片,質地油亮堅硬,幼葉葉緣鋸齒有刺,藉以保護葉片不被動物吃。下垂花序上成串排列細小的花,模樣像瓶刷,而且氣味芳香。果實像彈珠,質地堅硬很難打開,敲破後可取出裡面的乳白色種仁吃,非常美味而且富含營養成分,就是夏威夷豆。除了食用之外,種子榨油可製作美容保養產品。

Native to Australia, Macadamia Nut trees can reach 4 stories high. The whorled oblong leaves are oily and hard in texture, and young leaf margin is serrated with spines which protect the leaves from being eaten by animals. Drooping inflorescences are arranged in clusters of tiny flowers which look like bottle brushes and have a fragrant smell. The marble-like fruit is hard and difficult to open, after cracking, the milky white seeds in the fruit, known as macadamia nuts, are delicious and rich in nutrients. In addition to the use as food, the oil squeezed from the seeds can make beauty care products.

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簡介 Description

澳洲胡桃屬常綠喬木,原產澳洲。具有濃密卵形的樹冠。小枝條長伸,幼時稍具有柔毛。葉輪生,3~4枚同時長出,長橢圓形至披針形,先端銳尖,硬革質,葉緣有粗刺狀鋸齒。腋生總狀花序,白色花繁密。花期4~5月。果球形,有2瓣裂肉質的外果皮,熟時乾裂,果期7~8月。種子具堅硬種皮,褐色具光澤。

An evergreen tree in the genus Macadamia, native to Australia. Canopy dense and oval in shape. Twigs elongated, slightly pilose when young.The oblong or lanceolate leaves are in whorls of three to four occurring on a stalk at the same time, apex acute, stiff and leathery, with slightly undulating margins. Axillary racemes, flowers white and dense. Flowering from April to May. Fruit spherical, with a 2-lobed fleshy rind, dry and dehiscent when ripe; fruiting from July to August. Seeds covered by hard seed coats and colored brown with luster.

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栽培 Cultivation

全日照或半日照環境,適應性強。喜土層深厚、富含有機質的酸性土,排水須良好,旱季缺水時才澆水。樹冠茂密,根系淺、不抗風,幼樹期需用支柱以抗風害。繁殖可用播種、扦插、壓條及高壓法。

It grows in a full-sun or partial-sun environment, and prefers growing in deep acid soils rich in organic matter and good drainage, watering only in dry seasons. With strong adaptability but not wind-resistant because of the dense canopy and the shallow roots. Scaffold is required to protect saplings from the damage of strong wind. Propagated by seeds, cuttings, layering and air layering

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應用 Application

可作庭園景觀樹或用大型盆器種植。種仁可食,營養價值極高,風味佳,有「乾果皇后」之美譽。木材紅色,適宜作細木工或家俱等。

The trees can be used for garden landscaping or planted in large containers. The seeds are edible and have a high nutritional value and a good flavor, known as "the queen of dried fruit”. The red wood is a great raw material used for joinery or furniture making.